Category: 
Children of the State, Concentration Camps of the 1920s, Sites of Imprisonment

Bretskaya Hospital

Address: 15 (previously — 39) Presnenskii (previously — Presnenskii Kamer-Kollezhskii) val, Moscow

Bretskii homeless shelter named after M. Morozova, 1913. Photo: PastVu

Bretskii homeless shelter named after M. Morozova, 1913. Photo: PastVu

Bretskaya Hospital (Bretskaya Central Concentration Hospital, Central Camp Hospital, Bretskaya Concentration Hospital, Bretskaya Hospital for Prisoners of War) was opened in the spring or autumn of 1919 on the outskirts of Moscow. It was originally designed for typhus patients.

The hospital was opened due to a typhus epidemic in Moscow. Several hospitals for typhus patients were opened in 1919. Some of them like Bretskaya and Khodynskaya were intended to receive infected patients from Moscow prisons and concentration camps. Bretskaya Hospital was administered by Moszdravotdel (Moscow Health Department) and the NKVD Main Directorate of Forced Labor.

In 1921, the hospital had 400 beds and three wards: surgical, therapeutic, and venereal. In May 1922, Bretskaya Hospital was closed along with Khodynskaya and camp hospitals.

Изолятор для беспризорников

Открытый в 1920-х годах в помещении лагерной больницы изолятор им. Дзержинского был одновременно и детским домом, и больницей для беспризорников. Изолятор был рассчитан на 500 коек, в нем имелись глазное и кожное отделение. Преимущественно в нем лечили детей, больных грибковыми, венерическими болезнями, а также трахомой, но руководство делало акцент и на «моральном оздоровлении» беспризорных.

Фото: Главное архивное управление Московской области